What motivated you to write New Aging, and how does it aim to change people's perspectives on planning for later life?

When I turned 40, I took a closer look at architectural solutions for later life stages, and I was struck by how uninspired—and frankly daunting—many options appeared. This inspired me to research and lead design studios at the University of Pennsylvania focused on ageing, and to curate a conference on the topic. Throughout this journey, I realised that planners are limited by clients’ awareness. I wrote New Aging to empower people with insights on ageing, helping them make more informed choices about where and how they want to live, and educating them to ask the right questions when choosing or designing a home. Ultimately, we need to plan thoughtfully for our later years to live as fully and independently as possible.

How can architects and urban planners design not just for older adults but for the ageing process we all go through, starting from a much younger age?

Ageing is something we experience from the moment we are born, yet society often treats it as if it only happens to others, or as a sudden phase of life. I believe architects and urban planners should design with the understanding that ageing is a continuous process that begins at a young age. This means creating flexible, adaptable environments that evolve with us over time. For instance, homes should be designed to accommodate changes in mobility and health, ensuring they remain functional and comfortable as residents grow older.

I like to call this approach designing "human homes"—homes that anticipate the needs we will have at various stages of life. This could include single-floor living options, adaptable room layouts, and accessible outdoor spaces that connect us with nature. Designing spaces for all ages allows us to remain integrated into our communities, regardless of how our needs change.

As we rethink ageing, what does the future of urban design and housing look like in an ideal world where age is seen as an asset, not a limitation?

When we design places through the lens of older adults, we create better places for everybody. In an ideal world, we would embrace ageing as something positive. Cities would be designed to support people of all ages and abilities, making them inclusive and flexible. I envision a future where urban design incorporates principles of accessibility, beauty and community at every level. Public spaces would be designed to foster interaction, with parks, walkways, and recreational areas that cater to all age groups. Housing would be flexible and adaptable, designed to grow with us, supporting our needs as we age. Age shouldn't isolate us from society. Instead, we should live in environments where ageing is part of the vibrancy of life—a place where older adults are seen as active, valuable members of the community.

What are your thoughts on new housing developments for older adults?

When we think about housing for older adults, we need to move away from the traditional model of age-segregated living. Instead, I advocate for communities that bring people of all ages together. Developments for older adults should not be isolated, but integrated into the broader community, with spaces designed for interaction and social engagement. This is almost like back to the future, where intergenerational living was a reality in the past, and now in the future again. The key difference is that, traditionally, we were living together as a classic family. Now and in the future, we have the opportunity to also live together with a chosen family of all ages.

How do you envision the future of cities with an ageing population in terms of architecture, public spaces, and urban planning?

As our cities age, we need to ensure they remain vibrant and livable for all residents. I believe that urban planning must prioritise accessibility and flexibility, ensuring that public spaces, transportation, and infrastructure are designed to support an ageing population. But beyond physical accessibility, we also need to design cities and public spaces that encourage social connectivity across generations.

I also envision cities where technology plays a key role in supporting ageing populations. For example, smart city infrastructure can help older adults maintain independence, while encouraging them to stay connected to their communities. By thinking holistically about the needs of an ageing society, we can create urban environments that are inclusive, dynamic, and supportive for everyone. The future of AI can play a big role in connecting people, anticipating their needs, and creatively enhancing the search for solutions.

Are there any new projects or developments you’re currently working on that address ageing and intergenerational living in innovative ways?

One area I’m particularly excited about is the intersection of design and artificial intelligence. At HWKN, we are fascinated by AI’s potential to transform how we design and inhabit spaces. Whether it’s through enhancing the adaptability of our environments or improving how communities interact and function, AI holds the key to creating smarter, more responsive spaces that cater to all generations. As we continue to explore these technologies, we aim to redefine how architecture can support vibrant, inclusive communities for people at every stage of life.

Two of our recent projects, Gravity and FLX LIVE, demonstrate our commitment to creating living environments that foster community and connection for people of all ages.

Gravity in Ohio takes a bold step toward new, affordable living solutions, offering 101 apartments designed for shared living. With individual bedrooms and bathrooms combined with communal living and dining spaces, the project promotes connection and collaboration among residents. These developments exemplify our vision of creating spaces that not only meet the needs of younger generations but also cultivate inclusive, intergenerational communities where connection is key.

Originally Gravity targeted younger generations, however the resident mix has proven to be much more diverse than anticipated. The masterplan (not created by us) encourages a pedestrian-friendly environment and offers various apartment types, attracting a wide demographic. Active retail and amenities are central to fostering a vibrant, interconnected community.

FLX LIVE is our latest concept, which is a truly intergenerational living brand that is systematic and modular to also make it affordable. FLX redefines the way we live by pioneering flexibility and connectivity, empowering people to lead their best lives—today, tomorrow, and for a lifetime. FLX Apartments are designed around our innovative two-studio + flex space system, offering unparalleled flexibility in a single, seamless setup. With just the simple action of opening or closing a door, FLX Apartments can transform into a variety of living arrangements to suit different needs and lifestyles. Whether you need a spacious two bedroom unit, a separate studio and one bedroom apartment, or two studios with a shared living area, FLX Apartments adapt effortlessly.

Our aim is to combat age discrimination through excellence in design. I believe we have a responsibility to create the most beautiful and interesting architecture for the ageing community. By doing so, we can help challenge negative perceptions of ageing and inspire people to embrace it. I’ve often wondered why spaces designed for older adults tend to become visually and experientially more institutional. In all of our projects, we prioritise “high-design”. I always envision emotionally engaging, uplifting and inspiring spaces—designed specifically through the lens of older adults, addressing potential physical limitations without compromising aesthetic and experiential quality.